When God Comes Calling

Homily for parishioners from Maldon and Burnham at their Holy Spirit Weekend at the Sion Community on the 16th Sunday of Ordinary Time

What would you do if God came to visit you?

Three mysterious figures visited Abraham under the Oak of Mamre. It wasn’t unusual, in those days, to have to welcome unexpected guests. After all, there was no telephone, no postal service – so when guests arrived, you stopped what you are doing, and welcomed them.

At least, Abraham did. For Sarah and the servants, the visit meant work. Someone had to kill the fatted calf, bake the loaves and prepare the meal. But Sarah too received a reward, for the mysterious guests prophesied that the barren woman who baked the bread would next year, herself, have a bun in the oven.

Who exactly was it, who visited Abraham? The passage opens by declaring that the Lord Himself visited Abraham. But the visit happens in the form of three men. Is this God flanked by two angels? Or is it God, hundreds of years before Jesus became incarnate, giving Abraham a hint that God is truly three persons sharing one nature?

The artist Rublev was inspired to write an icon of three angels visiting Abraham – but angels representing the three persons of the Trinity. Here is a modern re-creation following Rublev’s design. On the left, the angel with both hands on the thin staff of authority represents the Father. In the centre, the one representing Christ holds his hand in the symbol of the incarnation, two fingers showing that Christ is at the same time fully God and fully human. Both Christ and the Holy Spirit, at the right, look to the Father in whom they have their origin. Abraham’s house and the Oak of Mamre are visible in the background – but we are at the open side of the table, invited into fellowship with them, even to share a meal.

When Christ first visited the home of Lazarus, Martha and Mary of Bethany, Mary, like Abraham, stopped to pay attention to her divine guest. Martha, like Sarah, busied herself with preparing a meal. If we only had today’s Gospel, we might be tempted to reach the conclusion that it’s more important to listen to Jesus than to serve him. But the truth is more subtle. Martha is chided not because of her busyness, but because she tried to call Mary away from spending time with Jesus. Was it wrong for Martha to serve? No – she was welcoming Jesus and in this way she honoured the presence of God. But we have different gifts, we respond to God in different ways, and that’s OK. Not everyone has to be like me, pray like me, or relate to God like me. Not every prayer book will suit me, because different people pray in different ways – and that’s OK too.

But remember, the Martha we meet today is Saint Martha. The next time we meet her in the Bible, her beloved Lazarus is dead – and has been laid in the tomb for four days by the time Jesus arrives to sympathise. Mary is too overcome with tears to welcome Jesus. It is Martha who makes the stunning declaration “I know my brother will rise again”. Not all Jews believed in life after death, but Martha’s faith is unshakeable – and as her reward, she witnesses a raising from death there and then! In her busyness, she was not too busy to catch sight of who Jesus truly is.

Each one of us is invited to welcome God into our lives. Indeed, we are invited to have not one relationship with God, but three, because God is three persons. On this weekend, we have been focussing on the Holy Spirit, who wants to live within us and be poured out through us. Catholic scholars sometimes wonder if it’s possible to receive “more” of the Holy Spirit when new gifts are released in us – or whether we are only experiencing the uncorking of something which was laid down within us in our baptism or confirmation. We don’t need to worry about the details; what matters is to give permission to the Holy Spirit: Use me! Flow through me! Transform the world!

We are invited into relationship with Jesus. We are adopted into God’s family, which makes Jesus our big brother. But as members of the Church, which is the bride of Christ, Jesus is our bridegroom. This is why every Mass is a “wedding banquet of the Lamb of God”, Jesus the bridegroom blesses us, the bride, with his body. Jesus the head reaffirms that each one of us is a cherished member of his body.

We are invited into relationship with God Our Father. Jesus taught us – and this would have been too daring for the Jews of his time – to address God as “Father in Heaven”. By telling parables like the prodigal Son, he helps us understand that our Father is not angry, but is full of mercy and compassion. Sometimes we need healing from poor experiences of earthly parents before we can joyfully respond to this.

What would you do if God came to visit you? Stop and listen? Bow down and worship? Prepare a meal? They are all good. Just don’t expect anyone else to relate to God in quite the same way that God relates to you.

We don’t have to wait for God to come to visit us. Heaven is only a prayer away, and we can visit God whenever we wish. Once we have known the touch of the Holy Spirit, we are free to ask for the prayer language of tongues to flow within us. We may sense God’s closeness as a tangible presence – or our prayer life may run across a dry spell, even one lasting for years – but what matters is that we place the Father, Son and Spirit at the centre of our lives. Some of us are contemplatives, called like Abraham and Mary to stop and listen. Others are called to holy action, like Sarah and Martha – but still with one ear on the Lord. If prayer is already part of your daily life, I pray that this weekend will help you take one step deeper. And if it isn’t – I encourage you to make a little time for God either first thing in the morning, or as soon as you get home from the duties of the day. God won’t insist, but remember – it was Mary who chose the better part, and you can, too.

Angels and Demons

Last Sunday, St Paul listed some of the categories of angels, and in the previous Sunday’s Gospel, Jesus said, “I saw Satan fall like lightning from heaven.” So what do we actually know about angels?

Not a lot.

As Christians, we trust the revelation found in the Bible. As Catholic Christians we trust the teaching of the Catholic Church. Beyond that, all is speculation. Some of it is speculation we may piously believe, but we don’t have solid grounds to insist that it must be true.

The Hebrew Bible speaks of “angels” in various passages and also gives specific labels to two kinds. Isaiah has a vision of winged seraphs (or seraphim – Hebrew words become plurals by adding -im). Cherubim appear three times: set at the gates of Eden after Adam and Eve were expelled; as the winged creatures adorning the divine design of the Ark of the Covenant; and in the vision of the prophet Ezekiel.

St Paul (or a writer in his tradition) offers us two lists of various kinds of angelic being: Eph 1:21 mentions “principalities, powers, virtues and dominions”. Col 1:16 adds “thrones” in its list of four but doesn’t mention “virtues” from the Ephesians list. I Thess 4:15, and also Jude, mention Archangels (which could be translated as “chief” angels). If we allow that “Angels” are also a specific kind, and not just the generic name, that gives us nine distinct names for kinds of spirit creatures.

And that’s it. That’s all Scripture gives us to go on. We can make some assumption based on the names used by Ephesians and Colossians, but that’s all they can be: assumptions. We can assert on the basis of the Bible that there are nine “choirs of angels” but when St Thomas Aquinas grouped them into three distinct groups of three, this was nothing more than theolgical speculation.

Three Archangels are named in the Bible: Michael (in Daniel & Revelation), Gabriel (Daniel again, and in Luke) and Raphael (in Tobit). We are neither commanded, nor invited, to ask to know the name of any other angel. That doesn’t stop an angel choosing to speak to us unbidden to reveal their name or function – but for a strong warning about why we should not ask, read this cautionary tale from Kristina Cooper, originally published in the September 2002 edition of Goodnews magazine. Any claim that saying a certain prayer will guarantee you to learn your angel’s name is a serious lapse into superstition.

The Catholic Church acknowledges that angels, beings of pure spirit, exist, and that they were created by God “before” everything else (this could mean before the material universe, of which the flow of time, as we know it, is a physical property). The angels have intelligence and free will; many of them fell from grace. Jesus spoke clearly in Luke 10:18 about Satan’s fall from heaven, and Rev 12:7-9 indicates that both “Satan and his angels” fell. The belief that a third of all the angels turned away from God is speculation based on the Dragon in Revelation casting a third of all the stars to heaven. This could be a poetic way of saying a third of all angels fell, but other interpretations are possible.

The prince of the fallen angels is variously referred to as “the old serpent“, as Lucifer (the light bringer, in Isaiah), the Devil (diabolos meaning Accuser or Slanderer in Greek), and as Satan (the Enemy or Adversary) in Job. Malevolent spirits in general are mentioned by the Bible as demons (some translations: devils); as “unclean spirits” or as “evil spirits”. Some cause specific afflictions: Scripture mentions spirits of deception (I Tim 4:1); weakness (Lk 13:11); speechlessness (Mk 9:17); and divination (Acts 16:16).

Beyond this, all is speculation. The devil is the “father of lies” so any reports of juicy details from the utterings of people undergoing exorcism may or may not be true, and cannot be taken as proof of anything. Do prayerfully ask your Guardian Angel for help and protection, but don’t expect your angel to communicate with you. Do make use of the Prayer to St Michael. Above all, don’t be afraid of evil spirits, but rejoice that your name is written in heaven! If you are baptised, Jesus has given you “power to tread underfoot the whole strength of the enemy.”

The Road to Jericho

Homily at the FaithLift Day at Sion Community for Evangelism, 10 July 2022

A man was going from Jerusalem to Jericho.

You only need to hear these words to know what’s coming next: The Good Samaritan helps where the religious professionals wouldn’t, and teaches us to overcome racial prejudice. I’m sure we all know that Christ calls us to help those in need regardless of creed or colour, But that doesn’t exhaust today’s Gospel by any means!

A man was going from Jerusalem to Jericho.

What is the deeper meaning of this? We know what Jerusalem represents – the Holy City, heaven on earth, the dwelling place of God. But what about Jericho?

Jericho is close to the Dead Sea, which lies in a deep basin hundreds of metres below the level of the world’s oceans. In fact this part of the Holy Land is the lowest-lying exposed territory on the surface of the earth! This gives Jericho, in today’s world as much as in Bible times, a fair claim to be the deepest city on the face of the earth. How low can you go? Jericho!

Does this mean that Jericho is meant to represent the depths of Hell? I don’t think so – because Jericho plays a positive role in the Bible. It’s the first city to be conquered by the Israelites under Joshua, when the children of Israel blew their trumpets and the walls came tumbling down! In that sense it’s not a bad place, but it is a beginning place for people who are called on the journey of holiness.

A man was going from Jerusalem to Jericho.

Why was the man in today’s Gospel leaving the heavenly city and heading to the depths of Jericho? We are not told. Why were the priest and the levite, bound to Temple service in Jeruslaem, also taking this road? We are not told; perhaps they had family there. We cannot always dwell in the heights of heaven, just as we cannot spend Monday to Friday worshipping the way we can on a Sunday, but when we venture out, let us be aware of the dangers which surround us. The traveller faced the danger of being attacked by others. The priest and the levite faced the no-less-real danger of being turned away from true love by their inner values and fears.

A man was going from Jerusalem to Jericho.

Enter the Good Samaritan. We do not know the purpose of his journey, but we know it was a temporary outing. He planned to return to Jerusalem, for he promises to pay any extra charges for the traveller’s recovery on his way back. This hated foreigner now dwelt in the heavenly city, setting out into the depths of the world with a noble heart. Did he go as an aid-worker seeking those in distress? Or as a busy businessman who stopped for the greater business of compassion? It does not matter. His heart was turned to heaven whichever way his feet walked on earth. A heart of compassion will be known by its fruit.

A man was going from Jerusalem to Jericho.

Ten years ago, that man was me. I was on a pilgrimage through the Holy Land, and our coach took the road from Jerusalem to Jericho. In fact, we stopped in Jericho for lunch!

The restaraunt was called the “Temptation Centre”. This is not only because it was filled with good things to eat, but also because the road to Jericho passes the mountain where it is believed that Jesus went to be tempted by Satan after his baptism. The Road to Jericho is indeed the road to temptation, because it is the road of daily life, the road where all of us are tested.

The priest and the levite are tested about their religious values, and they fail. It is good to have a sense of religious duty, but not where that harms others.

The Samaritan is tested about his willingness to help a Jew. He passes the test. We too may be tested to cross bridges of culture, colour or character. May God give us the grace to pass such a test!

We are tested in another way, too. “Who is my neighbour?” asked the religious scholar. Jesus replies with this story, and says “The neighbour is the one whose needs you see while going about your business.” His answer is not only about overcoming racism, important though that is. His answer is that anyone whose needs you see, is your concern. Now, some of us may be called, as a lifestyle, to seek out people with certain needs and help them. But that’s a different sermon, about discerning the best way to use our gifts in God’s service. Today is about the needs of people that we do see in our daily life, regardless of how ill-equipped we are to do something about it.

Who is my neighbour? It’s the annoying colleague who needs help with the most trivial tasks at work. It’s the sick relative who needs us to do their shopping or clean their kitchen yet again. It’s the person on the street we can pass by on the other side – or make time to stop and have a conversation.

A man was going from Jerusalem to Jericho.

That man was Jesus of Nazareth! He came from the heights of heaven to the lowest city on earth. It was in Jericho that he healed two blind men. It was in Jericho that he called Zachheus down from the sycamore tree to begin a life of integrity. Today’s second reading rejoices in Jesus as the “firstborn of all creation”. All of creation, from the depths of Jericho to the heights of Jerusalem, was made through Jesus and is loved by Jesus. He made peace between heaven and earth by being raised up on the Cross in Jerusalem – but not before bringing God’s message of healiing and forgiveness to the depth of Jericho.

A man, a woman, is going from Jerusalem to Jericho. That pilgrim is you.

Have you failed to love your neighbour? Jesus offers you the same forgiveness as he gave to Zaccheus.

Have you nothing to give your neighbour? Peter and John had nothing for the beggar they once met, but when they blessed him in the name of Jesus, he walked!

Are you ready to meet your neighbour? The same Jesus who descended to the deepest Jericho dwells in the depths of your heart, and he is longing to love them, through you.